TOPSHOT – US President Donald Trump holds a chart as he delivers remarks on reciprocal tariffs during an event in the Rose Garden entitled “Make America Wealthy Again” at the White House in Washington, DC, on April 2, 2025. Trump geared up to unveil sweeping new “Liberation Day” tariffs in a move that threatens to ignite a devastating global trade war. Key US trading partners including the European Union and Britain said they were preparing their responses to Trump’s escalation, as nervous markets fell in Europe and America. (Photo by Brendan SMIALOWSKI / AFP) (Photo by BRENDAN SMIALOWSKI/AFP via Getty Images)
AFP via Getty Images
On Sunday, President Donald Trump took to social media to announce a potential $2,000 dividend to U.S. taxpayers resulting from the 2025 tariff collections. This announcement comes at a time when the legality of the tariffs imposed by Trump is coming under fire. A payment like this is not foreign to Trump. Just five years ago, during Trump’s first presidency, we saw the first of many stimulus payments made to taxpayers during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this article, I analyze his proposed payments and discuss some of the potential tax implications from such a cash windfall for taxpayers.
Trump Tariff’s Substantial Cash Inflows
Since Trump announced his sweeping tariffs on Liberation Day (April 2, 2025), the U.S. economy has been in a state of flux, with, according to a Forbes contributor article I published, massive fluctuations in the stock market and constant negotiations with foreign countries. Potentially more impactful, these tariffs have led to higher consumer prices, shifts in imports, and retaliation from foreign countries.
While some of these implications have been unsettling for U.S. taxpayers, Trump is correct in that they have brought in significant cash flows to the U.S. government. According to the Congressional Budget Office, the tariffs have generated $195 billion in customs duties, yielding significantly higher cash inflows for the U.S. government. The Yale Budget Lab recently released an analysis suggesting that the tariffs could raise as much as $2.6 trillion over the next decade.
It is this increase that has led the Trump administration to potentially provide payments to taxpayers. According to Forbes, Trump proposed between $1,000 and $2,000 in tariff dividend payments directly to U.S. taxpayers. These payments could act as a buffer to offset some of the higher costs and economic uncertainty Americans currently face. Despite the optimistic message and potential outcome, very little information was given as it pertained to the possible payments, and the benefits could come in varying forms.
The Taxation Of A Trump Tariff Dividend
Whenever the terms dividend and taxation are put into a statement, many think of the typical treatment, which allows taxpayers to receive a preferential tax rate of 0%, 15%, or 20% on qualifying dividends, depending on the taxpayers’ adjusted gross income. However, these payments are not a dividend in how we commonly define them, in that the taxpayers receiving them do not own shares in a corporation, and the payments are not made based on the earnings and profits of that corporation.
According to Section 61 of the Internal Revenue Code, except as otherwise provided, gross income means all income from whatever source derived. While many would not view a Trump Tariff Dividend as income, receiving payments of this nature would almost certainly constitute taxable income to the recipient.
In recent years, we saw payments of this nature made in response to the economic conditions under the COVID-19 pandemic. These payments were not subject to tax. The reason for this income being non-taxable was simple: Congress’s passage of the CARES Act, Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, and American Rescue Plan Act included specific language that exempted these payments from taxation.
Given the lack of details on this proposed tariff dividend, it can be difficult for taxpayers to know whether these funds received will be subject to tax. However, if something is eventually passed, the law will need to exclude the payments from income explicitly, or else the recipients will be forced to pay taxes on the income received. This means that taxpayers will only receive between $1,260 (highest earning taxpayers facing a 37% marginal tax rate) and $1,800 (lowest earning taxpayers facing a 10% marginal tax rate) in after-tax cash flows.
While a $2,000 check paid out to taxpayers using tariff collections might be welcome to many, Trump’s proposed payments come with many questions. Most notably, taxpayers may not be able to view the gross receipts of these payments as cash inflows, as they will have to pay taxes on these payments unless the funds are explicitly excluded from income. What remains problematic from this proposal are two key notions. First, the proposal lacks details. As discussed in Fortune, Treasury Secretary Bessent states that these payments may not be payments at all and could come in the form of already passed tax legislation under the One Big Beautiful Bill Act. This outcome would make sense given the U.S.’s sky-high deficit and a need to make attempts to lower it. Second, it is unclear whether Trump has the authority to issue said payments. During the COVID-19 pandemic, while many similar payments were made, they were all passed into law by Congress, who may be less likely to do so for these payments.