Ethereum is moving closer to its next major evolution. On Tuesday, the network’s latest hard fork, Fusaka, went live on the Hoodi testnet, marking the final testing stage before its official mainnet activation later this year.
Hoodi is the third and final testnet for Fusaka, following earlier deployments on Holesky and Sepolia. According to the Ethereum Foundation (@ethereumfndn), the mainnet rollout will happen at least 30 days after Hoodi testing, with December 3 set as the tentative date for the official hard fork.
Fusaka is more than just another upgrade. It represents the next phase of Ethereum’s long-term roadmap, focused on scalability, efficiency, and Layer 2 optimization.
Ethereum Surpasses Bitcoin in Digital Asset Treasuries by Total Supply
Ethereum now leads with 4.1% of total supply held by institutional treasuries, followed by Bitcoin (3.6%) and Solana (2.7%).
The surge in ETH holdings coincided with Donald Trump’s signing of the GENIUS Act,… pic.twitter.com/o3d2NwmG6m
— CryptoRank.io (@CryptoRank_io) October 29, 2025
The Road to Fusaka
The Ethereum community has been preparing for this moment for months. Each testnet deployment served as a trial ground for new features and infrastructure refinements.
The first implementation on Holesky tested network synchronization and consensus adjustments. Sepolia followed, validating node performance and gas parameter tuning. Now, with Hoodi live, developers are finalizing tests for rollup scaling and parallel execution, two pillars of the upcoming upgrade.
Fusaka’s mainnet launch on December 3 will be the first step in a three-stage rollout designed to gradually expand Ethereum’s data and transaction capacity.
Rollout Timeline
Ethereum developers confirmed a structured schedule for Fusaka’s release:
- Dec 3, 2025 → Fusaka mainnet launch
- Dec 17, 2025 → Blob capacity increase
- Jan 7, 2026 → Second blob capacity hard fork
Each stage unlocks new capabilities. The first activation will introduce key EIPs, while the later forks will scale blob data capacity, a critical factor for rollups and data availability layers (DALs).
The client release window opens on November 3, giving operators and validators 30 days to upgrade their nodes before activation.
What Fusaka Brings to Ethereum
At the core of Fusaka are multiple Ethereum Improvement Proposals (EIPs) designed to improve scalability, lower gas fees, and enhance the experience for both developers and users.
PeerDAS (EIP-7594)
Perhaps the most anticipated of all, PeerDAS introduces a new data sampling approach that allows Ethereum to support higher Layer 2 throughput while keeping node requirements reasonable. In plain terms: more capacity, less strain.
EIP-7825 & EIP-7935
These proposals fine-tune Ethereum’s gas limits, paving the way for parallel execution. This means the network can process multiple transaction threads simultaneously, a major step toward faster and more efficient block validation.
EIP-7939 & EIP-7951
The CLZ (EIP-7939) and secp256r1 (EIP-7951) upgrades aim to boost cryptographic performance and ZK proving support, enhancing Ethereum’s zero-knowledge ecosystem.
With these combined, Fusaka solidifies Ethereum’s foundation for the next generation of rollups and decentralized applications.
Laying the Groundwork for “The Surge”
Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin has long described the network’s roadmap as a series of “eras”: The Merge, The Surge, The Scourge, The Verge, and beyond.
Fusaka fits squarely into The Surge, the phase focused on scaling Ethereum to handle tens of thousands of transactions per second.
Once Fusaka is live, developers will begin preparing for Glamsterdam, the next milestone upgrade. Glamsterdam will expand on Fusaka’s groundwork by enabling true parallel processing across the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM).
Fusaka is, therefore, more than a technical upgrade. It’s a symbol of Ethereum’s long-term vision: decentralization without compromise.
Ethereum’s Institutional Momentum
Outside the development arena, Ethereum is also breaking new ground in institutional adoption.
According to CryptoRank, Ethereum now leads in digital asset treasury holdings, surpassing Bitcoin for the first time. Institutional treasuries now hold 4.1% of ETH’s total supply, compared to Bitcoin’s 3.6% and Solana’s 2.7%.
The timing isn’t random. The surge followed Donald Trump’s signing of the GENIUS Act, a landmark stablecoin regulation that strengthened the legal framework for on-chain finance in the U.S.
Since the law’s passage, funds and fintech firms have rapidly increased their exposure to ETH. Institutional investors now view Ethereum not merely as a token, but as the core infrastructure of the DeFi economy.
Ethereum’s next major upgrade, Fusaka, is now live on the Hoodi network! ✅
Fusaka mainnet activation is scheduled for December 3rd.
Fusaka introduces multiple EIPs to improve scalability, strengthen security, and reduce costs. The upgrade will unlock the next phase of rollup… pic.twitter.com/VQkosIouZQ
— Consensys.eth (@Consensys) October 28, 2025
ETH on the Charts
The market sentiment has turned bullish as traders position for the December 3 launch. Analysts expect the Fusaka upgrade to drive a renewed L2 growth cycle, with protocols like Arbitrum, Optimism, and Base benefiting from increased throughput and reduced data costs.
The growing confidence reflects Ethereum’s ability to evolve without breaking. Each upgrade over the past three years, from The Merge to Dencun, has reinforced its dominance in the Layer 1 space.
What Comes After Fusaka
If Fusaka delivers as expected, the next step will be to expand Ethereum’s data availability and execution parallelism. That’s where Glamsterdam comes in, an upgrade designed to take rollup scalability to its full potential.
In parallel, Ethereum researchers are exploring stateless client architecture, proof aggregation, and cross-chain messaging, all aimed at lowering costs and improving network efficiency.
Ethereum’s roadmap remains clear: scale Layer 2s, reduce complexity, and onboard the next wave of global users.
The Fusaka hard fork isn’t just a technical milestone, it’s a statement of resilience and innovation.
From testnets to mainnet, Ethereum continues to evolve at a pace unmatched in blockchain history. The network’s developers are not just building for the next quarter; they’re building for the next decade.
And with institutional money flowing in, new laws favoring on-chain assets, and the strongest developer community in crypto, Ethereum stands ready for its next chapter.
The countdown to December 3 has begun.
Disclosure: This is not trading or investment advice. Always do your research before buying any cryptocurrency or investing in any services.
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