The Dutch government is pushing through a tax overhaul that would force investors to pay tax every year on gains that exist only on paper — even if you never sell an asset like Bitcoin, other cryptocurrencies, or stocks. That’s a massive shift from the norm in most countries and has critics calling it a recipe for capital flight.
Under the proposed Box 3 reform, lawmakers in the Tweede Kamer are poised to ditch the Netherlands’ old system of taxing a notional return on wealth and instead require annual taxes on actual year-end value changes — realized and unrealized. So if your Bitcoin moonshots or tech stocks jump in value over the year, you’d owe tax on that increase regardless of whether you cashed out.
The government argues this is necessary after court rulings struck down the old regime for using assumed returns rather than actual performance, and officials say delaying reform would cost the treasury billions of euros. A broad array of parties — from conservative VVD and CDA to left-leaning D66 and GroenLinks-PvdA — are signaling support, largely because the fiscal math under the current system is untenable without change.
Investors aren’t taking it lying down
But investors aren’t taking it lying down. Critics from the crypto community are blasting the move as “insane” and warning it could push both capital and the people behind it out of the Netherlands. One Dutch analyst even compared it to historical flashpoints in taxation, arguing that taxing wealth you’ve never crystallized into cash punishes savers and long-term holders and could undermine the country’s competitiveness.
Crypto commentators like Simon Dixon are against the move, Source: X
To soften the blow, the new regime would treat real estate differently: property owners could deduct costs and pay tax only on gains when profits are realized, though second homes used personally would face an extra levy. But for many crypto and stock holders, the hit on liquidity — having to find cash to pay taxes on unrealized gains — is the real fear.
In short? The Netherlands is experimenting with a form of mark-to-market taxation that most of the world still rejects. Proponents call it fairer and more transparent; detractors say it could trigger an investor exodus. Either way, this will be a defining case study in how governments adapt taxing wealth in volatile, digital-age markets.