- ECB warns stablecoin surge may drain eurozone retail deposits, leaving banks with shakier funding.
- Top stablecoins’ Treasury hoards mean a sudden run could jolt U.S. bond markets and bank balance sheets.
An article in the European Central Bank’s Financial Stability Review on Monday warned that rapid growth in stablecoins could pull valuable retail deposits away from eurozone banks and create fresh channels for stress in global markets, including U.S. government debt and bank funding conditions.
Stablecoins now hold a combined market value above $280 billion. That figure remains small compared with global finance, yet issuers already stand among the largest buyers of U.S. Treasury bills, giving the sector influence over a core safe asset market.
Although promoted initially for value storage and cross-border transfers, actual use skews toward crypto trading. The ECB reported that around 80% of trades carried out globally on centralized crypto platforms involve stablecoins, while current use in the euro area payment system still accounts for only a minor share.
In the latest report, the ECB says:
“Significant growth in stablecoins could cause retail deposit outflows, diminishing an important source of funding for banks and leaving them with more volatile funding overall,”
The warning points to the central bank’s concern over funding stability for lenders across the bloc.
The review indicated that stablecoin balances could evolve into an alternative savings channel for households in the euro area, creating pressure on banks’ ability to keep deposits. Even now, questions arise about how quickly deposit behavior might change if savers’ confidence in stablecoins strengthens.
ECB analysis stressed that current activity largely reflects large crypto trades rather than small everyday transfers or remittances. Only about 0.5% of recorded volumes fall into organic retail-sized transfers, suggesting limited immediate risk for ordinary bank customers, even though usage patterns could shift swiftly under new market conditions.
Links to U.S. Treasuries and Potential Run Dynamics
The central bank highlighted that the two largest stablecoins now rank among the biggest holders of U.S. Treasury bills worldwide, with reserve portfolios similar in size to the top 20 money market funds. Large exposures of that kind tie the sector closely to the functioning of Treasury markets.
“A run on these stablecoins could trigger a fire sale of their reserve assets, which could affect the functioning of U.S. Treasury markets,”
Forced selling on that scale could push yields higher, disrupt liquidity, and feed back into bank balance sheets that rely heavily on government debt.
Although stablecoins still represent only a minor slice of euro area payments, the share in trading and capital flows already stands much larger and continues to rise. The ECB argued that a shock starting in crypto assets could reach the banking sector through funding pressures and shifts in asset prices linked to U.S. Treasuries.